Menstrual Cramps
and
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Medication Guide
Medical Author: Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD
Medical Editor: William C. Shiel, Jr., MD, FACP, FACR
What are menstrual
cramps?
Menstrual cramps are abdominal and pelvic pains experienced by a woman around the time of her menstrual period. Menstrual cramps usually start shortly before the menstrual period, peak within 24 hours after their onset, and subside after a day or two.
Menstrual cramps can range from mild to severe. Mild menstrual cramps may be barely noticeable and short-lived, sometimes felt just as a sense of light heaviness in the belly. Severe menstrual cramps can be so painful that they interfere with a woman's regular activities for several days. The discomfort can extend to the lower back or legs.
Menstrual cramps are not the same as the symptoms experienced due to premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although the symptoms of both disorders can sometimes be experienced together. Many women suffer from both PMS and menstrual cramps.
What is the treatment for common menstrual cramps (primary dysmenorrhea)
Treatment options vary and each woman needs to find a treatment that works for her. Non-drug measures that may help include adequate rest and sleep, regular exercise (especially
walking), and
smoking cessation. Some women find that abdominal massage, yoga, or orgasmic sexual activity can help. A heating pad applied to the abdominal area may also relieve the pain.
For mild menstrual cramps, over-the-counter (OTC)
aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol), or acetaminophen plus a diuretic (such as Diurex MPR, Midol, Pamprin, Premesyn) may help. However, aspirin has a limited effect in curbing the production of prostaglandin and is only useful for mild cramps.
For moderate menstrual cramps, the
nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be helpful. The NSAIDs are more effective than aspirin in inhibiting the production and action of the prostaglandins. The NSAIDs that are available OTC are:
For optimal control of menstrual cramps, a woman should
start taking a NSAID before her pain becomes difficult to
control. This might mean starting medication 1 to 2 days
before her period is due to begin and continuing taking
medication 1 to 2 days into her period. The best results are
obtained by taking one of the NSAIDs on a schedule rather
than on an as needed basis. Therefore, ibuprofen should be
taken every 4-6 hours, ketoprofen every 4-8 hours, and
naproxen every 8-12 hours for the first few days of the
menstrual flow.
Prescription NSAIDs available for the treatment of
menstrual cramps include mefenamic acid (Ponstel). For more, please read the
Menstrual Cramps article.
Next: What is premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?
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